动态无功补偿装置的设计.doc

（ 二 〇 年 月  无功补偿对提高系统功率因素，提高电能质量和降低有功网损意义重大，具有积极的经济及社会效益。在对低压网络进行补偿时，合理的装置的应用，正确的补偿方式的选择，对系统无功的平衡和无功的优化至关重要。无功补偿设备经历了多个阶段的发展，其中静止无功补偿器（SVC）在世界范围内的应用都非常广泛。 本文设计采用的无功补偿技术为晶闸管投切电容器（TSC），作为SVC的典型代表之一，使用晶闸管作为投切元件，做到了无触点投切。使用西门子PLC对晶闸管的导通与关断进行控制，根据电网的实时动态，最终实现对电容器的快速、准确投切。应用PLC进行程序编辑，利用傅里叶快速算法完成无功功率的计算。进而根据计算结果，由PLC进行选择和判断，发出晶闸管的导通与关断命令，实现对电容器的投切的控制，完成最优的补偿方案。设计中还完成了触发电路、电容器接线方式等的设计，电压互感器、电流互感器、隔离模块等器件的选择。 关键词：无功补偿；零电压触发；TSC；电容器分组  Abstract Reactive power compensation is important to improve system power factor, improve power quality and reduce active power loss, with a positive economic and social benefits. When compensate for low voltage network, choose the right device and the correct way of compensation, it is essential to the reactive power balance and reactive power optimization of system. Reactive power compensation device has experienced several stages of development, Static var compensator (SVC) is widely used in worldwide. This design use of thyristor switched capacitor (TSC), as one of the typical representative of the SVC, Use thyristor as a switching element, so that the non-contact switching. Use the Siemens PLC to control thyristors on and off , According to real-time dynamic grid, ultimately switching capacitor for fast and accurate. Application of the PLC program editing, Use the Fast Fourier algorithm complete reactive power calculations. According to the results, Selection and judgment by the PLC, Issue thyristor on and off command, Realization of switching capacitor control, Complete the optimal compensation scheme. Design also completed the design such as trigger circuit,a capacitor wiring, The select of voltage transformers, current transformers, isolation modules and other devices. 引 言 不论从经济性还是安全运行的角度考虑，无功补偿都是十分必要的，而随着电力系统中负荷的逐步增长以及无功内涵的不断变化，系统中的无功受到的影响变的更加复杂。因此，就要求无功的补偿更加快速、准确、实时。 本文为满足在变化低压网络中进行动态无功补偿的要求，进行了无功补偿装置的设计，应用的是比较成熟的晶闸管投切电容器（TSC）技术。通过PLC的使用，对晶闸管开断的进行自动控制，并联电容器组便可以按照需要投入或者切除，负荷的无功总能实时、快速的得到补偿。 本文介绍的内容主要包括： （一）对低