总复习四非谓语动词.docVIP

总复习四 非谓语动词 非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词的特征就是在句子中不能充当谓语动词。它没有人称和数的变化。但是，它仍然保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 动词不定式 一、动词不定式 动词不定式的基本结构为to+动词原形（有时可不加to）。 在句中除不能作谓语外，其他成分都可作。 1、作主语 e.g To give is better than to receive. 给予总比接收好。 To study English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 To see once is better than to hear a hundred times. 百闻不如一见。 2、作宾语 He wants to take these books to the classroom. I don’t like to be late for school. I didn’t think to meet you here. He doesn’t know how to make a kite. 3、作宾语补足语 My mother told me not to read in the bed. We would you like to go shopping with us. 下列动词都可用这种形式： tell, ask, get, invite, allow, help, wish, want, like, would like, hate, prefer, order 在感观动词和使役动词后，可跟不带的不定式作宾语补足语，这些动词是： see,hear,watch,notice,feel,make,let,have e.g He saw Li Ping come to the classroom. 他看见李平走进了教室。 Don’t forget to have her leave earlier. 别忘了让她早点走。 这些句子变被动语态时一定要加上“to” 。 另外help 之后可以跟to do也可以跟do。 e.g Liu Ying often helps her mother (to) clean their house. 感观动词see,hear,watch,notice,feel等词之后，还可以用分词作宾语，区别为：不定式表示动作发生了，表全过程；分词则表示动作正在进行。 I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。 I saw him coming in. 我看见他正往里走。 4、作表语 My job is to teach. His wish is to become a singer. 5、作定语 He is the first student to speak at the meeting. 他是第一个在会上发言的学生。 The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn. 来中国的最佳时间春天和秋天。 He has something to say. 他有点事要说。 I have something important to do. 我有些重要的事要做。 6、作状语 He came to teach the little girl English.(表目的) 他来给这个小女孩上英语课。 I went to visit my uncle last Sunday.（表目的） 上星期天我去探望了我的叔叔。 In order to study English well,she often does more speaking and does more writing.为了把英语学好，他经常多说多写。（表目的） What has he said to make you so sad? （表结果） 他说了什么话让你这么伤心？ They lifted a rock only to drop in on their own feet.（表结果） 他们搬起石头砸了自己的脚。 I am sorry to hear that. （表原因） 听到这件事我感到很难过。 The question is quite difficult to answer. （表原因） 这个问题很难回答。 The room is comfortable