高中语法定语从句详细讲解.docVIP

定语从句 （一）定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。?关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,?which,?who,?whom,?whose,?as关系副词有when,?where,?why注意：关系代词与关系副词在定语从句中充当不同的句子成分，定语从句中缺主、宾、表，用关系代词；缺状语用关系副词，何为句子成分？ 五大基本句 1. 主 + 谓（Vi） I come. 2. 主 + 谓（Vt）+ 宾 I love you. 3. 主 + 谓（Vt）+ 间宾 + 直宾 I give him a book. 4. 主 + 谓（Vt）+ 宾 + 宾补 I make him happy. 5. 主 + 系 + 表 I am tall. （二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．which?指物，在定语从句中做主语宾语。The?house?which?is?by?the?lake?looks?nice.?（主）?湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。This?is?the?pen（which）he?bought?yesterday.?（宾）?这是他昨天买的钢笔。She was fond of dancing, which her brother never was. (表) 她喜欢跳舞,她弟弟从不喜欢。2．that?指人/ 物，在定语从句中作主语宾语。The?number?of?people?that come?to?visit?this?city?each?year?reaches?one?million.（人 主）每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 Where?is?the?man（that）I?saw?this?morning??（人 宾）我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？He is no longer a little boy that he used to be.（人 表）他已经不再是以前那个小男孩儿了。The?season?that comes?after?spring?is?summer.?（物 主）??春天以后的季节是夏季。 The?person?that）you?introduced?to?me?is?very?kind.（物 宾）???你介绍给我的那个人很友好。3. who??指人，在定语从句中作主语。The?boys?who?are?playing?football?are?from?Class?One.??正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。??????4．whom??指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。?Li?Ming?is?just?the?boy?(?whom?)?I?want?to?see.??????李明正是我想要见的男孩。5．whose??指人/ 物，在定语从句中作表所属，“……的”I?visited?a?scientist?whose?name?is?known?all?over?the?country.?（人）??我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。I?once?lived?in?the?house?whose?roof?has?fallen?in.?（物）??我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 She is the woman (whom/ who/ that) I saw yesterday. 规则2：定语从句中的主谓一致 (1)关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致 I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you. (2)one of + 复数名词+ 关系代词+ 复数动词 the only one of +复数名词+关系代词+单数动词， Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam. Tom is the only one of the boys who has passed the exam (3)非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as 或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 Great changes have taken place in China, as/ which is known to all. 规则3：定语从句中的关系代词只能用that 的情况 修饰词 + 先行词 + that （the only, the very, any, few, the first, the best 等 ） This is the very dictionar