卵巢癌的诊断与治疗(医大讲课).ppt

Epidemiology and Genetic Factors Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecological malignancy, but the commonest malignancy of the female genital tract to result in death Incidence: In general population lifetime risk for ovarian cancer in a women is roughly 1/70 or 1.4%. Epidemiology and Genetic Factors The incidence in Asia, Africa and Latin America is lower than in Western countries. The most common tumor type is epithelial (85%). 卵巢癌的危险因素 Epidemiology and Genetic Factors High risk factors: 1. More than 40yrs. 2. Caucasian race (white) 3. Late menopause. 4. Infertility 5. Positive family history of CA ovary 6. BRCA gene Epidemiology and Genetic Factors Family history is the strongest risk factor for ovarian cancer Women with one affected first class relative: risk rate for ovarian cancer is 5% Women with two affected first class relative: risk rate for ovarian cancer is 7% A member of HOCS: risk rate for ovarian cancer is 20%--50% BRCA1 BRCA2 gene associated with HOCS Epidemiology and Genetic Factors Prevention protective factors for ovarian cancer appear to be conditions associated with fewer lifetime ovulations 1. Use of oral contraceptive pills 2. Shorter duration of reproductive years 3. Conditions of chronic anovulation 4. History of breastfeeding 5. Multiparity Histopathology Epithelial ovarian cancer, usually classed simply as adenocarcinoma, include a number of specific histological types: Serous adenocarcinoma Muconous adenocarcinoma Endometrioid adenocarcinoma Malignant Brenner tumor (transitional cell) Clear cell adenocarcinoma Histopathology Malignant Germ Cell Tumor of the Ovary include a number of specific histological types: Dysgerminoma Yolk-Sac Tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) Teratomas Choriocarcinoma Mixed germ cell tumor Histopathology Malignant Tumor of the Gonadal stroma: Granulosal-cell tumors Adult type Juvenile type Sertoli-cell tumors L