u形管换热器e-304机械设计论文（本科）毕业设计论文.doc

U形管换热器E-304机械设计 摘 要 换热器作为工艺过程必不 可少的单元设备，广泛的应用于石油、化工、动力、轻工、机械、冶金、交通、制药等工程领域中。U形管式换热器结构简单 U Exchanger E-304 Mechanical Design Abstract Process heat exchanger as an indispensable element equipment, widely used in petroleum, chemical, power, light industry, machinery, metallurgy, transport, pharmaceutical and other projects in the area. The design is about U--tube heat exchanger which is one structure of shell and U--tube heat exchanger. U-tube heat exchanger has the advantage of simple structure, low cost and pressurized ability and it applies to high—temperature, high –pressure, corrosive occasions. In the whole design process, strictly in accordance with the GB150-1998 Steel Pressure Vessels and GB151-1999 shell and-tube heat exchanger system,” it design and calculate with the standard then strength, stiffness and stability of the heat exchanger are checked. The design includes: The narrative; Calculation; Mapping and translation. The narrative part introduce U--tube heat exchange development of internal and external heat exchanger and the latest development trends and chemical production, meanwhile introduce materials pressure vessels commonly used and the heat exchanger structure design. Calculation is head and the flange of the detailed calculation, and its hydrostatic test of the check. Completed a total assembly drawings and four parts maps,And compleed the foreign language translation of 20000 characters. Keywords：U--tube heat exchanger；Shell；Pressure test；Check 目 录 1绪论 1 1.1换热器的概述 1 1.2 换热器的分类 1 1. 3 换热器的发展现状 7 1.4 换热设备的应用 8 2 U形管换热器各部分的设计说明 10 2.1 U形管换热器的介绍 10 2.2 结构的选择与论证 11 2.3 设备材料选择 16 3计算部分 18 3.1 U型管筒体和封头厚度计算校核 18 3.1.1设计条件 18 3.1.2筒体和封头厚度计算校核 19 3.2 管板的计算 21 3.3 法兰和螺栓的计算 24 3.4 筒体的开孔补强的计算 31 结 论 33 参考文献 34 谢 辞 35 1绪论 1.1换热器的概述 在炼油厂和石油化工厂,几乎所有的工艺过程都有加热、冷却或冷凝过程。这些过程流体称为换热过程，所以设备除加热炉称为换热设备。因此，在炼油厂和化工厂中换热设备是重要的工艺设备。同时可将它看成重要的节能设备。在化工厂中，换热设备的投资约占总投资的10%～20%；在炼油厂中，约占总投资的35%～40%。 在炼油厂，石化厂的工艺过程中，绝大数化学反应或传质传热过程都伴有热量的变化。为了确保这些过程能够连续进行，就必须排除多余