离散概率分布.ppt

Chapter 5 Discrete Distributions Chapter Goals After completing this chapter, you should be able to: Interpret the mean and standard deviation for a discrete probability distribution Use the binomial probability distribution to find probabilities Describe when to apply the binomial distribution Introduction to Probability Distributions Random Variable Represents a possible numerical value from an uncertain event Discrete Random Variables Can only assume a countable number of values Examples: Roll a die twice Let X be the number of times 4 comes up (then X could be 0, 1, or 2 times) Toss a coin 5 times. Let X be the number of heads (then X = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) Probability Distribution for a Discrete Random Variable A probability distribution (or probability mass function )(pdf) for a discrete random variable is a mutually exclusive listing of all possible numerical outcomes for that random variable such that a particular probability of occurrence is associated with each outcome. Discrete Probability Distribution X Value Probability 0 1/4 = .25 1 2/4 = .50 2 1/4 = .25 Discrete Random Variable Summary Measures Expected Value (or mean) of a discrete distribution (Weighted Average) Example: Toss 2 coins, X = # of heads, compute expected value of X: E(X) = (0 x .25) + (1 x .50) + (2 x .25) = 1.0 Discrete Random Variable Summary Measures Variance of a discrete random variable Standard Deviation of a discrete random variable where: E(X) = Expected value of the discrete random variable X Xi = the ith outcome of X P(Xi) = Probability of the ith occurrence of X Discrete Random Variable Summary Measures Example: Toss 2 coins, X = # heads, compute standard deviation (recall E(X) = 1) Binomial Probability Distribution Binomial Probability Distribution Possible Binomial Distributi