CCH_OSstructure操作系统.ppt

Module 2: Computer-System Structures计算机系统结构 Computer System Operation 计算机系统操作 Storage Structure 存储构造 Storage Hierarchy 存储层次 Hardware Protection 硬件保护 Computer-System Architecture计算机系统体系结构 Computer-System Operation计算机系统操作 I/O devices and the CPU can execute concurrently. I/O 设备与CPU可并行运行 Each device controller is in charge of a particular device type. 每一设备控制器负责一个设备类型 Each device controller has a local buffer. 每一设备控制器有一局部缓存 CPU moves data from/to main memory to/from local buffers CPU 通过局部缓存与主存交换数据 I/O is from the device to local buffer of controller. I/O从设备到设备控制器的局部缓存 Device controller informs CPU that it has finished its operation by causing an interrupt. 设备控制器通过引起中断通知CPU操作已完成 中断机制 hardware interrupt硬件中断 device controller informs CPU that it has finished its operation by causing an interrupt disk, timer, etc. software interrupt (trap)软件中断（陷阱） a trap (or an exception异常) division by zero, invalid memory access a system call 系统调用(also called a monitor call) read( ), write( ) Why the interrupt? make the system more efficient and meanwhile more responsive common functions of interrupts a modern operating system is interrupt driven 现代操作系统是中断驱动的 interrupt transfers control to the interrupt service routine (interrupt handler) generally 中断将控制权转移到中断服务程序 a generic routine to examine the interrupt information, and in turn call the specific handler through the interrupt vector, which contains the addresses of all the service routines e.g. MS-DOS, UNIX separate segments of code determine what action should be taken for each type of interrupt I/O Structure peripheral device(s) attached to device controller设备与设备控制器相连 a device controller (hardware) local buffer storage 本地缓冲器 a set of registers 一组寄存器 device driver, usually a software program embedded into an OS设备驱动程序 I/O Interrupts two ways of an I/O operation 两种I/O操作 Synchronous 同步 Asynchronous异步 synchronous I/O mode: after I/O starts, control retu