2014各省市高考试题按章节分类汇编含解析.docVIP

2013年各省市高考试题分类汇编 目录 1. 走近细胞及细胞的物质组成·······································2 2. 细胞的结构····························································4 3. 物质的输入和输出···················································7 4. 酶与ATP································································7 5. 呼吸作用和光合作用················································9 6. 细胞的生命历程······················································23 7. 遗传规律·······························································27 8. 遗传的细胞基础······················································32 9. 伴性遗传和人类遗传病·············································34 10.遗传的分子基础······················································40 11.生物的变异、育种与进化··········································44 12.人体的内环境与稳态················································54 13.人和动物生命活动的调节··········································55 14.植物的激素调节······················································68 15.种群和群落····························································73 16.生态系统与环境保护················································81 17.生物技术实践·························································86 18.现代生物科技·························································92 19.实验·····································································90 1、走近细胞及细胞的物质组成 （2013江苏卷）1.下列关于生物体内有机物的叙述正确的是 A. 脂质不参与生命活动的调节 B. 蛋白质是生物体主要的能源物质 C. 核酸是生物体储存遗传信息的物质 D. 糖类不参与细胞识别和免疫调节 【答案】C 【解析】有的脂质参与生命活动的调节，如性激素（属于固醇类）参与激素调节，A错误；生物体主要的能源物质是糖类，B错误；核酸是生物体储存遗传信息的物质，DNA是主要的遗传物质，C正确；细胞识别主要与细胞表面的糖蛋白有关，糖蛋白是由多糖和蛋白质结合形成，D错误。 【试题评价】该题对生物体内的有机物的基础知识，及与生命活动的关系进行考查，涉及面较宽，但难度不大，旨在考查学生的识记与理解能力。 （2013大纲卷）3.关于HIV的叙述，正确的是 A. HIV在活细胞外能大量增殖 B. HIV仅含有核糖体这一种细胞器 C. HIV主要攻击B细胞，使人体无法产生抗体 D. 艾滋病患者的血液中可以检出HIV这种病毒 【答案】D 【解析】HIV是病毒，必须依赖活细胞才能大量繁殖，A错误；HIV不含有核糖体，B错误；HIV主要攻击T细胞，C错误；HIV通过体液传播，所以在患者的血液中能够检出HIV，D正确。 【试题点评】本题综合了病毒、细胞器和免疫调节相关知识，考查学生的知识综合运用能力。难度适中。 （2013重庆卷）1．下列有关细胞物质组成的叙述，正确的是 A．在人体活细胞中氢原子的数目最多 B．DNA和RNA分子的碱基组成相同 C．多糖在细胞中不与其他分子相结合 D．蛋白质区别于脂质的特有元素是氮 【答案】A 【解析】人体活细胞中水含量最多，因而H原子也最多，A