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概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 ---|------------------- -|------------------------ 那时以前　 那时　 现在　 　　　　 5. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，未能……”。 1.结果比我们想象的要好。 The result was better than what we had expected. 2. 我们期望你会来的，但是你没有来。 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 试作比较： 昨天我见到王先生了．自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见过面。 I saw Mr. Wang yesterday. We had not seen each other since he left Beijing. 自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见过面。 We have not seen each other since he left Beijing. 过去完成时的时间状语 　（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。 　　　 I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. 　（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。 　　　We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 　（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。 They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 注意 had no ....when 还没等.....就..... had no sooner.....than 刚.....就..... He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 叙述历史事实，不用过去完成时，而用一般过去时。 Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 1. 时间状语不同．过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间 They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. (说明不到１０点就在车站了） They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. (说明１０点到车站的） 2) 在没有明确的时间状语做标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时． ３) 当两个或两个以上的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序只需用一般过去时代替过去完成时；另外在引导的从句中由于这些连词本身已经表示时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时 He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office. ( )9. The film ______ when I got there. A. has begun B. had already started C .began D. have already begun ( )10. The film _______ for ten minutes when we got to the cinema. A. had already been on B. had already begun C. have already been on D. have already begun * 过去完成时 过去完成时由had +过去分词构成 表示过去的过去发生的动作 构成方式: 肯定句: had+动词的过去分词 否定句: had not+ 过去分词 一般疑问句:had+ 主语+ 过去分词 肯定回答: Yes, 主语+ had. 否定回答: No, 主语+ hadn’t. 基本用法: 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某时或某个动作之前发生的