学习《UCP》.ppt

学习《UCP600》 一。什么是《UCP》？ 《UCP》是“Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits”的缩写。中文译作《跟单信用证统一惯例》，简称“统一惯例”。 《UCP》是国际商会出版的一份关于跟单信用证业务的惯例条文，是指导、规范、制约跟单信用证业务的重要国际惯例。 二。跟单信用证（Documentary Letter of Credit) 1. 跟单信用证简介 国际结算方式 汇款 (Remittance) 托收 (Collection) 信用证 (Letter of Credit) 迟期付款 (Deferred Payment) 寄售 (Consignment) 补偿贸易 (Compensation Trade) 易货 (Barter) ./. 来料加工 (Processing with incoming Materials) 赊帐 (Open Account) 福费庭 (Forfaiting) 货帐保理 (Factoring),等。 经常使用的结算方式是：汇款、托收、信用证。最主要的、广泛使用的是“信用证结算方式” 信用证结算方式 信用证结算方式付款的依据是“单据”，故称为“跟单信用证”（Documentary Letter of Credit 或Documentary Credit）简称“信用证”（Credit或L/C） UCP500第二条对信用证做了详细的定义. 国际商会还曾提到了一个简单的定义： “Letter of Credit is a conditional Bank undertaking of payment” “…… they (documents) appear, on their face, to be in compliance with the terms and conditions of the Credit” “Documents which appear on their face to be inconsistent with one another will be considered as not appearing on their face to be in compliance with the terms and conditions of the Credit” - UCP500 Article 13 - 一套单据代表着一批货物，掌握了单据就掌握了货物；转移了单据就转移了货物，而且使得货物转移合法化，这就是“货物单据化”（Documentization of Goods）。 因为有了“货物单据化”，银行才可能介入国际贸易办理结算。 2. 信用证当事人 （1）开证申请人（Applicant）- the party that applies for the opening of the Credit; ./. “Instructions for the issuance of a Credit, the Credit itself, instructions for an amendment thereto, and the amendment itself, must be complete and precise” “All instructions for the issuance of a Credit and the Credit itself and, where applicable, all instructions for an amendment thereto and the amendment itself, must state precisely the documents against which payment, acceptance or negotiation is to be made” - UCP500 Article 5 - “The Applicant bears the risk of any ambiguity in its instructions to issue or amend a Credit”