自然灾害情境下的性别研究_回顾与前瞻_于圣洁.pdf

2014 年11 月 妇女研究论丛 Nov. 2014 第6 期 总第126 期 Collection of Women ’s Studies No.6 Ser.No.126 自然灾害情境下的性别研究：回顾与前瞻 于圣洁 1 张纯刚 2 齐顾波 3 （ 1.2.3.中国农业大学人文与发展学院，北京100193） 关键词：性别；自然灾害；脆弱性 摘 要：历史和文化建构着社会性别关系，这种社会性别关系影响两性的灾害经历。反过来，自然灾害经历与灾后恢复与重 建的实践经历又会对两性关系进行重构。文章对20世纪70年代以来国内外自然灾害情境下的性别研究的发展历史进行回顾， 简述性别脆弱性理论下相关研究涉及的主要研究议题：两性灾害伤亡率的差异、灾后重建中资源获取与权力表达差异、女性健 康问题、针对女性的暴力，最后对气候变化与快速城市化背景下日益加剧的灾害风险环境中的跨文化性别研究进行展望。 中图分类号：C913.68 文献标识：A 文章编号：1004-2563 （2014）06-0109-08 A Gender Perspective of Natural Disaster: Past and Future YU Sheng-jie1 ZHANG Chun-gang2 QI Gu-bo3 (1.2.3.College of Humanities and Development Studies at China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China) Key words: gender, natural disaster, vulnerability Abstract: Gender-based relationships that are developed in a historical and cultural context, on the one hand, influence men as well as womens experience with disasters. On the other hand, their experiences with disasters, especially the experiences with the disaster re- covery and reconstruction process in turn reconstruct their relationships. This paper constructs the historical development of research on natural disaster from a gender perspective based on a review of the literature since the 1970s. While dwelling briefly on the existence of gendered vulnerability theory, it identifies main issues in discussion, namely, gendered differences in mortality rate and in access to re- lief resources, including healthcare, and violence against women. Finally, the paper looks ahead into the future to suggest research on increasing risks of disasters because of climate change and rapid urbanization