外文翻译--薄板与板材的弯曲.doc

Sheet and Plate Bending Bending is a method of producing shapes by stressing metal beyond its yield strength, but not past its ultimate tensile strength. The forces applied during bending are in opposite directions, just as in the cutting of sheet metal. Bending forces , however, are spread farther apart, resulting in plastic distortion of metal without failure. The bending process appears to be simple; yet, in reality, it is a rather complex process involving a number of technical factor. Included are characteristics of the work piece material flow and required to from the bend, and the type if equipment used. In the large, varied field of sheet metal and plate fabricating, several types of bending machines are used. Press brakes predominate in shops that process heavy-gage materials, because they are well suited to such applications and also because they are adaptable to other metalworking operations, such as punching, piercing, blanking, notching, perforating, embossing, shearing, and drawing. Light-gage metal typically is formed with specialized bending machines, which are also described as leaf, pan, or box brakes; as wing folders; and as swivel bender. Equipment of this type is often manually operated. The principal kinds of equipment used to bend sheet metal and plate can be grouped into the following categories: Mechanical press brakes-elongated presses with numerous tooling options. Work is performed by means of energy released from a motor-driven flywheel. These machines normally have a 3” or 4” stroke length. Hydraulic press brakes—stretched C-frame presses that are likewise compatible with a wide range and diversity of tooling. High-pressure oil in hydraulic cylinders supplies the force, which is directed downward in most models. The stroking length usually exceeds 6”. Hydraulic-mechanical press brakes—presses with drives that combine hydraulic and mechanical principles. In operation, oil forces a piston to move arms that push the ram toward the bed.