RF功率的测量和控制（第二部分）.pdfVIP

Measurement and Control of RF Power (Part II) By Eamon Nash Applications Engineer, Analog Devices, Inc. Log Amps The term log amp, as it is generally understood, refers to a device which calculates the logarithm of an input signal’s envelope. In the response of an AD8307, a 500-MHz 90-dB log amp, to a 10-MHz sine wave modulated by a 100-kHz triangular wave (see Fig. 8) note that the input signal on the scope photo consists of many cycles of the 10-MHz signal, compressed together using the time/div knob of the oscilloscope. We do this to show the envelope of the signal with the much slower repetition frequency of 100 kHz. As the envelope of the signal increases linearly, we can see the characteristic, log(x) form in the output response. In contrast, if our measurement device was a linear envelope detector (e.g. a diode detector) the output would still be a tri-wave. Fig. 8: Response of a Log Amp to a Linear Envelope Ramp So the log amp gives an indication of the ac amplitude of the signal in the logarithmic domain. In general, log amps are used to measure signal strength as opposed to detecting signal content. The term “demodulating”, which is used to describe this type of log amp, is a little misleading, but because a log amp recovers the logarithm of the envelope of a signal (something similar to the process of demodulating AM), the term demodulating has been adopted to describe this type of device. Operation of a Demodulating Log Amp The core of the simplified block diagram of a log amp (see Fig. 9) is a cascaded chain of amplifiers. These amplifiers have linear gain, usually somewhere between 10 and 20 dB. For simplicity here we have chosen a chain of 5 amplifiers, each with a gain of 20 dB, or 10X. Now, imagine a small sine wave being fed into the first amplifier in the chain. The first amplifier will gain the signal up by a factor of 10 bef