初中英语被动语态大全.docVIP

初中英语被动语态小结 一、语态概述 ?? 一般现在时:am/is/are+spoken??? 一般过去时:was/were+spoken??? 一般将来时:will/shall be+spoken???现在进行时:am/is/are being+spoken??? 过去进行时:was/were being+spoken??? 现在完成时:have/has been+spoken??? 过去完成时:had been + spoken ??? 、被动语态的用法??? (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。??? 例如:Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) ??? This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。??? (2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。??? 例如:The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。??? This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。??? Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。??? 、主动语态变被动语态的方法??? (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。??? (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。??? (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:??? All the people laughed at him.??? He was laughed at by all people.??? They make the bikes in the factory.??? The bikes are made by them in the factory.??? He cut down a tree.??? A tree was cut down by him. ??? 四、含有情态动词的被动语态??? 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由情态动词+be+过去分词构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后to仍要保留。??? We can repair this watch in two days.??? This watch can be repaired in two days.??? They should do it at once.??? It should be done at once.??? 、特殊情况 ??? 1.1、 Need, want, require（要求，需要）, deserve(应得，值得), be worth值得），not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。 These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。 Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了。 2、不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。 I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系） Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。（与room有动宾关系，与Tom 有主谓关系） He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。（与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系） 3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式； 动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，如 difficult, easy, comfortable(舒适的), convenient（便利的，方便的), hard, cheap, expensive, 等，不定式用主动表被动。 The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题