第十一章 韩国农业.ppt

对大米的保护 与日本、台湾一样，大米是韩国农业政策的焦点。 通过政府购买影响大米的价格和农户的收入，自2005年以来，政府购买降到了大米产量的7%-15％。 政府控制了大米的进口，使国际市场和国内市场隔离开来。 大米零售价格大大高于国际市场的价格。 可变支付与固定支付 2004年设立的对大米的直接支付。从2005－2006年度开始，农民可以获得固定支付和可变支付。如果收获价格低于目标价格，农民可以获得85％的差异部分。 固定支付按照1998－2000年生产水稻的稻田为准，2005年每公顷稻田的固定支付是586美元，2006年增加到732美元。 可变支付则是按照一个目标价和收获后大米价格差异确定。2005年每公顷的可变收入是936美元，2006年是481美元。 对农业的价格支持 休耕补贴 2006年共有2779个耕地面积比例小于22％的村庄，有资格获得每公顷农田418美元，每公顷草地209美元的补贴。 提前退休补贴 65岁以上的农民，愿意将其土地出租或出售给其它全职农民5年以上就有资格获得一次性的每公顷约3000美元的支付。 农业保险 对农作物和畜产品都有保险项目，2006年，农民需要支付保费的31％，其余由政府支出。 政府购买项目 通过政府购买来稳定农产品价格。主要针对大米,大麦、玉米、大豆。 2006年，购买了86万吨大米,购买大麦12.4万吨。玉米600吨，大豆300万吨。 * * Homogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese) Although a variety of different Asian peoples have migrated to the Korean Peninsula in the past, very few remained permanently, so by 1990 both South Korea and North Korea were among the worlds most ethnically homogeneous nations. Like their Japanese neighbors, Koreans tend to equate nationality or citizenship with membership in a single, homogeneous ethnic group or race (minjok, in Korean). A common language and culture also are viewed as important elements in Korean identity. The idea of multiracial or multiethnic nations, like India or the United States, strikes many Koreans as odd or even contradictory. Source: Wikipedia: Demographics of South Korea It is estimated that there are at least 300,000 and possibly more than 1,000,000 Chinese in Korea who may fall into categories of Korean-Chinese (???), permanent residents and/or illegal immigrants who are Han Chinese (??). There are migrant workers from the Philippines and Malaysia, and in the main cities, particularly Seoul, there is a small but growing number of foreigners related to business and education. The number of marriages between Koreans and foreigners has risen steadily in the past few years. In 2005, 14 percent of all marriages in South Korea were marriages to foreigners (about 26,000 marriages). Many Korean agencies encourage international marriages to Chinese,