托福综合写作讲义.docVIP

信号词句 总结句 remedy mistake there are several reasons why… 列举 gambling First…second…third… And most importantly A major development… On the one hand, on the other hand On the contrary/in contrast Similarly/likewise Also Furthermore 总结 Therefore/as a result In conclusion/In summary… Finally… From this we can see… 强调 Now this is important… Remember that… The important idea is that… The basic concept here is… 开头段落 （概括全文） The lecturer talks about _______________. He says that _________________________. The lecturer raises serious counterarguments against the reading paragraphs by providing different evidences regarding__________________________(文章主题). The lecturer refutes the reading’s argument about________ and focuses on __________________（文章主题） The lecture is mainly discussing ______, ________ and ___________ , challenging what are stated in the reading passage，that is,___ 主体段落（各个击破） First of all, the speaker thinks that ___________. （细节） In contrast, the reading passage believes that _____________. （细节） So, the lecturer completely disagrees with the view made in the reading. Secondly, the speaker believes___________. （细节） This directly contradicts what is stated in the reading that _____________________. Finally, the speakers raises the issue that ___________.（细节） This point disagrees that ________________, which is demonstrated in the reading. 或者 Another point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is ___________________________________.The professor claims that______________________________________.However, the reading states _____________________________________. Finally, the professor stated that__________________ . on the contrary of the reading, which claims that_____________________________________. Astronomy Astrology Catastrophe Astronaut Cosmo-naut Cosmos Cosmopolitan Taikong-naut Pruning is cutting off dead or living branches of a tree to improve a tree’s health. Trees are pruned for the following reasons: to improve disease