《社会研究方法》艾尔巴比 英文ppt Ch7.pptVIP

Chapter 7 The Logic Of Sampling Chapter Outline Introduction A Brief History of Sampling Nonprobability Sampling The Theory and Logic of Probability Sampling Chapter Outline Populations and Sampling Frames Types of Sampling Designs Multistage Cluster Sampling Probability Sampling in Review Political Polls and Survey Sampling In the 2004 Presidential election, pollsters generally agreed that the election was “too close to call”. To gather this information, they interviewed fewer than 2,000 people. Election Eve Polls - U.S. Presidential Candidates, 2004 Election Eve Polls - U.S. Presidential Candidates, 2004 Election Eve Polls - U.S. Presidential Candidates, 2004 Bush Approval: Raw Poll Data Question One of the most visible uses of survey sampling lies in _____________. political polling probability sampling core sampling traditional polling Answer: A One of the most visible uses of survey sampling lies in political polling. Observation and Sampling Polls and other forms of social research rest on observations. The task of researchers is to select the key aspects to observe (sample). Generalizing from a sample to a larger population is called probability sampling and involves random selection. Nonprobability Sampling Technique in which samples are selected in a way that is not suggested by probability theory. Examples include reliance on available subjects as well as purposive (judgmental), quota, and snowball sampling. Types of Nonprobability Sampling Reliance on available subjects: Only justified if less risky sampling methods are not possible. Researchers must exercise caution in generalizing from their data when this method is used. Types of Nonprobability Sampling Purposive or judgmental sampling Selecting a sample based on knowledge of a population, its elements, and the purpose of the study. Used when field researchers are interested in studying cases that don’t fit into regular patterns of attitudes and behaviors Types of Nonprobability Sampling Snowba