过程装备与控制工程专业专业英语翻译8.docVIP

Reading material 8 Examples of Manufacturing Processes (continued) The flame cutting process can only be used for easily combustible materials. For other materials, cutting processes based on the thermal basic process--melting--have been developed (arc cutting, arc plasma cutting, etc. ). This is the reason cutting is listed in the table, which is at the beginning of Unit 8, under both thermal and chemical basic processes. Flame Cutting Flame Cutting can be characterized as: mass reducing, solid state of work material, chemical primary basic process--combustion. .In flame cutting, the material (a ferrous metal) is heated to a temperature where combustion by the oxygen supply can start. Theoretically, the heat liberated should be sufficient to maintain the reaction once started, but because of heat losses to the atmosphere and the material, a certain amount of heat must be supplied continuously. A torch is designed to provide heat both for starting and maintaining the reaction. Most widely used is the oxyacetylene cutting torch, where heat is created by the combustion of acetylene and oxygen. Th. oxygen for cutting is normally supplied through a center hole in the tip of the torch. Electrochemical Machining Electrochemical Machining (ECM) can be characterized as: mass reducing, solid state of work material, chemical primary basic process-electrolytic dissolution. Electrolytic dissolution of the workpiece is established through an electric circuit, where the work material is made of the anode, and the tool, which is approximately the inverse shape of the desired geometry, is made of the cathode. The electrolytes normally used are water--based saline solutions (sodium chloride and sodium nitrate in l0%-30% solutions). The voltage, which usually is in the range 5-20 V, maintains high current densities, 0.5-2 A/mm2, giving a relatively high removal rate, 0.5-6 cm3/min, depending on the work material. Electrical Discharge Machining Electrical Discharge Machining (E