2011年硕士英语相关参考材料.docVIP

2011年硕士英语相关参考材料 申明：本材料只做参考，具体与考试有无相关不能确保，希望能给大家一点帮助，如果又考相关内容，实属幸运，如果没考当做练练兵，本材料仅仅应用有道词典进行翻译，有许多不足，望大家指教，预祝大家考试顺利。辛卯年五月 About the Uniform Requirements 关于统一的要求 A small group of editors of general medical journals met informally in Vancouver, British Columbia, in 1978to establish guidelines for the format of manuscripts submitted to their journals. This group became known as the Vancouver Group. Its requirements for manuscripts, including formats for bibliographic references developed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM), were first published in 1979. 一小群来自全科医学杂志的编辑1978年在英国哥伦比亚的温哥华，进行了非正式见面,建立指导方针，该指导方针制定了向他们杂志投稿的稿件格式。这组被称为温哥华组。它的要求,包括手稿 文后参考文献的格式，由国家医学馆开发的参考文献格式要求，此要求在1979年首次印刷出版。 How to Use the Uniform Requirements 如何使用统一的要求 Authors will find it helpful to follow the recommendations in this document whenever possible because, as described in the explanations, doing so improves the quality and clarity of reporting in manuscripts submitted to any journal, as well as the ease of editing. 作者将发现尽可能的遵循文件中的推荐很有用，因为正如解释中描述的那样，这样做后不论稿件投到哪个杂志，它的的质量和清晰度都会有所提高，也便于编辑。 Some journals now request and publish information about the contributions of each person named as having participated in a submitted study, at least for original research.一些杂志如今需要而且印刷有关每个署名有参与送检研究的作者对研究，至少在研究的最初阶段的贡献。 Authorship credit should be based on 1) substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; 2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and 3) final approval of the version to be published. Authors should meet conditions 1, 2, and 3. follow the recommendations in this document 原著者的荣誉应基于1对文章的构思与设计、数据的收集或分析和解释的实质性贡献2起草文章或批判性的修改文章的重要知识内容3最终批准版本印刷。作者应满足1、2、3种情况。 Because readers may infer their endorsement of the data and conclusions, these persons must give written permission to be acknowledged. 因为读者可能会对他们的数据和结论的支持进行推断，这些作者必须给以书面许可。 All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship shoul