Definition 材料的定义.docVIP

一、名词解释 (共3题 15分 ) 1. Mechanical properties: reflecting the behavior of materials, deformed by a set of forces.机械性能:反映材料的行为,由一组部队畸形 2. Brass: the copper-zinc alloys Coordination number: the quantity of the nearest equidistant elementary particles. 配位数:最近的等距的数量基本粒子。 二、填空题 ( 共 4题 15分 ) 1. Based on the atomic structures and the nature of bonds, materials can be classified as＿metal＿，＿ceramic＿and ＿polymer＿. 2. The properties of materials are defined by the nature of their＿chemical bonds＿, ＿their atomic ordering＿and ＿their microstructure＿。 3. 列出合金钢中五种合金元素：C，Ni，Si，Mn和Cr。 4. 列举固体材料中可能存在的晶格缺陷类型：＿point＿，＿linear＿，＿surface＿和＿volume＿。 三、翻译 ( 共 5题25分 ) 1. There are four basic types of bonding arrangements that hold atoms together. They are ionic, covalent, metallic, and van der Waals forces. A molecule may be held together by a combination of several or all of these forces.（英译汉，5分） 原子之间的结合力有四种类型，即离子、共价、金属和范德华力。一个分子可能是由其中的几种或全部力结合的 2. This composite of glass fibers embedded in a po1ymer matrix is a relatively recent invention but has, in a few decades, become a commonplace material. （英译汉， 5分） 将玻璃纤维买置于聚合物基体组成的复合材料是几十年前的近代发明，已成为一种普通材料。 3. They are crystalline, which means that their constituent atoms are stacked together in a regular, repeating pattern. （英译汉，5分） 它们是晶态的，这意味着其组成原子按照一种规则的和重复的模式堆积在一起。 4. 构成物质世界的材料由具有亚微观尺度的各种微粒子组成。（汉译英， 5分） The materials making up the surrounding world consist of discrete particles, having a submicroscopic size. 5. 电子的排列影响原子之间的结合并且决定材料的类型—金属、陶瓷、或聚合物。（汉译英， 5分） The electronic arrangement influences how the atoms are bonded to one another and helps determine the type of material-metal, ceramic, or polymer. 材料： The materials making up the surrounding world consist of discrete particles, having a submicroscopic size. Atomic structure and the nature of bonds(原子结构和化学键构) ————metals and their alloys (metallic bonding 金属键) —organic polymers 有机聚合物(covalent bonding and secondary bonding 共价键和二次键) ————ceramics (ionic bonding and covalent