应用化学专业英语课文翻译.docVIP

1.3 THE PERIODIC LAW 周期律 In 1869, Dmitri Ivanovitch Mendeleev (1834-1907) of Russia and Lothar Meyer (1830-1895) of Germany independently published their periodic arrangements of the elements. Both of these periodic arrangements were based on increasing atomic weights. 译：1869年，俄罗斯的德米特里·伊万诺维奇门捷列夫（1834年至1907年）和德国的洛萨迈耶（1830至1895年）独立地出版了他们对元素的定期安排。这两个周期的安排都是以原子量的增加为基础的。 At the time of Mendeleevs periodic table, about 63 elements were known. The brilliance and foresightedness of this work can be seen by the fact that Mendeleev left spaces between certain elements in his original table and predicted that these spaces would be filled by the discovery of new elements. He left a space for an undiscovered element after calcium and called the element eka-boron; another space was left under aluminum, which he called eka-aluminum; and another space under silicon, which he called eka-silicon. The term “eka” comes from Sanskrit meaning “one,” which Mendeleev used to indicate that the missing element was one place away in his table from the element indicated. Mendeleev even went so far as to predict, with high accuracy, the physical and chemical properties of those elements yet to be discovered. The three elements above were, in fact, discovered within his lifetime. Scandium (atomic number 21) was discovered in 1879 by Lars F. Nilson(1840-1899) of Sweden, and was found to correspond in properties to eka-boron; gallium (31) was discovered in 1875 by Lecoq de Baisbaudran (1832-1912)，and was found to correspond to eka-aluminum; and ger-manium(32)was discovered in 1886 by C.A. Winkler (1838-1904)，and was found to correspond to eka-silicon. The amazing way in which Mendeleevs predictions were fulfilled is illustrated in Table 1.2 which compares the predicted properties of eka-silicon with those of germanium. 译：在门捷列夫的周期表中，大约有63种元素是众所周知的。事实上，门捷列夫在他表中已确定的元素中留有空位并且预测这些空位会被以后发现的新元素填满，由此可见这项工作的辉煌和前瞻性。 他在钙的后面留了一个空位给未知元素并称之为准硼；在铝的下面留了一个空位并称之为准铝；在硅的下面留了一个空位并称之为准硅。 术语“准”来自梵文，意思是“之一”Mend