心理学专业英语p81上.pptVIP

Social and family relationships of ex-institutional adolescents’Hodges and Tizard(1989) “青少年离开收养院后的社会和家庭关系”哈奇斯和蒂泽德。 AIM（目的） Longitudinally 纵向地 comparison group 对照组 early institutionalisation 早期收容 care-givers 抚养人 adolescence 青少年期 adopted and resored children 被领养和 的孩子 To investigate (longitudinally and with a matched comparison group of control children)whether experiencing early institutionalisation with ever-changing care-givers until at least tow years of age will lead to long term problems in adolescence for adopted and resored children 为了调查（纵向地，并且带有相匹配的对孩子进行控制的对照组）经历过早期收容并且曾更换过抚养人至少两年的被领养的和被 的孩子是否在青少年期将会导致长期的问题。 early institutionalisation 早期收容 were attributed to 被归结于 maternal 母爱的，母性的 deprivation 匮乏的 privation 剥夺 irreversible. 不可逆的 Early studies by bowlby (1951)and Goldfarb (1943a)found that there were many short and long term effects of the early institutionalisation of children ,which were attributed to maternal deprivation or privation and were regarded as largely irreversible. Bowlby和Goldfarb早期研究发现，早期收养对儿童有短期和长期的影响，这些都被归结为母爱的匮乏或剥夺，而且这些影响在很大程度上被认为是不可逆的。 Fostered 代养的 Restored Markedly 显著地 Intellectual 智力 emotional development 情感发展 However,later studies by Tizard and others on a group of adopted,fostered and restored children with early institutional experience showed that there were markedly less dramatic effects on intellectual and emotional development(probably due to improved conditions)but still difficulties in interpersonal relationships. 然而，根据Tizard 和其他人在一组经历过早期收容的领养儿童，代养儿童以及（ ）儿童的后期研究表明，在智利和情感发展方面没有显著地的影响（大概是由于改善的条件）但是在人际关系方面仍然有困难。 close attachments 亲近的依恋 attention seeking behaviour 寻求注意行为 disbedience 反抗 over-friendliness 过分