教学参考：Womenofachievement-LearningaboutLanguage同步学案.DOCVIP

Period Two　Learning about Language 主谓一致 在英语中，句子的谓语动词要与主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。一般来说，主谓一致要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。 一、语法一致原则 即在语法形式上保持一致，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的形式决定。 1．单数名词、不可数名词、单个动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 To start smoking is quite easy，but to give it up needs courage.开始吸烟很容易，但是戒烟却需要勇气。 Reading aloud is very important in learning English. 学习英语时大声朗读非常重要。 Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 我们是否去取决于天气。 注意　在what引导的主语从句中，如果表语是复数时，谓谓动词用复数形式。 What we need are good teachers. 我们需要的是好老师。 What I bought were three English books. 我买的是三本英语书。 2．复数名词，用and或both...and连接的名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Swimming and walking are good exercise. 游泳和散步都是有益的活动。 Both his mother and his father have gone there. 他父母二人都去那了。 注意　(1)由and连接的两个词指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时，谓语用单数。 The bread and butter is served for breakfast. 早餐供应黄油面包。 The professor and poet is going to give us a talk. 那位教授兼诗人要给我们作个报告。 (2)凡是由each...and each...，every...and every...，no...and no...，many a．..and many a．..连接名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company. 在我们公司每个人都有机会得到提拔。 Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。 Many a boy and many a girl has seen it. 许许多多的男孩和女孩都已看到它了。 (3)复数主语与each连用时，不受each的影响，谓语动词仍用复数形式。 The old workers and the young each have their own tools. 每一位年老的和年轻的工人都有自己的工具。 3．主语＋介词(短语)：with，except，as well as，no less than，rather than，more than，over，besides，together with，like，including，in addition to等连接的是名词时，谓语以介词(短语)前的主语为准，不受介词后的名词的影响。 My mother，as well as my father，has a key to the office. 不仅我的父亲，我母亲也有办公室的钥匙。 The man together with his wife and children sits there watching TV. 这个人和他的妻子、孩子坐在那儿看电视。 4．不定代词either，each，one，another，anyone，anybody，no one，nobody，someone，somebody，anything，nothing，something，everything，everyone，everybody，neither等作主语时，谓语用单数；none作主语时，谓语单、复数均可。 Neither likes the friends of the other. 两个人都不喜欢对方的朋友们。 Nothing in the world moves faster than light. 世界上没有什么东西比光传播得更快。 Either of the shirts fits me very well. 这两件衬衣我穿都非常合身。 None of the students h