润滑油基础知识89638.ppt

* * * 7 7 7 * * * * 压缩机： 1、容积式：往复式（活塞式、膜片式）、回转式（滑片式、螺杆式、液环式、转子式） 2、速度式：离心式、轴流式 * * 含锌油对钢/钢摩擦副来说，抗磨性特别优秀。对含银与铜部件有腐蚀作用。 无灰油的抗磨极压剂主要是硫化物与磷化物，与含锌油比，在水解安定性、破乳化性、过滤性、氧化稳定性方面有明显优势。 * * ?? ?ˉ ê? óí ?· ±? ?ê μ? ×? ?ù ±? ?- òò ￡? óí ?· êù ?ü ê× ?è êü μ? ?T ??￡? ?1 ?? ?ˉ ￡o à? ?ê è? ±￡ ?? ?· ￡o ￡o ￡o ￡o * ?? °? à? ?ˉ ￡o í? ?? ￡? ?? ?ˉ￡? óí ?· à? ?ˉ ￡o ?? ?ˉ ￡? ?? ?? èé ?ˉ * ?1 ?￥ ìí ?ó ?á ?? ìá ?? óí ?· μ? ?1 ?￥ D? ?ü ￡? ?? ±? èó ?? ×′ ?? * These additives are generally known as “extreme pressure” or EP additives. They are usually the more chemically reactive oil soluble materials containing one or more of the elements chlorine, phosphorus, sulphur, lead and zinc. Under mild operating conditions they appear to produce a mainly hydrocarbon film which is firmly attached to the metal surface by their reactive groups. Under more severe conditions nowhere they decompose and react with the metal surfaces to produce a film which is softer, less brittle, more adherent and therefore more effective than the oxide layer. Since these additives are not effective however until the temperature of reaction is reached, a combination of additives such as sulphur and phosphorus are used to give good anti wear protection for mild conditions and protection against scuffing when operating under more severe conditions EP additives used to be based on lead naphthenate (now phased out) More recent chemistries use S/P/N/Cl (with Cl now likely to be phased out) Sulphur - action is by chemical reaction with steel at the very high temperatures of asperity contact. S chemistry gives good 4-ball and FZG results, but threatens yellow metal corrosion Phosphorus - also gives local reaction, but tends to form stronger adsorbed films - gives better Timken results, but can compete with anti-rust additives * êê ó? óú 2? í? ì? ?t μ? èó ?? óí 3í ?? 3ì ?è 2? í? ￡? 2? ?? Dè òa o? êê μ? ?3 ?è ￡? ?1 Dè ?3 ?è 2? ?? ?? ?è ′ó ·ù ?è ±? ?ˉ * 14 * μí ?? ?? ê1 ó? μ? óí ?· ￡? ?￡ í? ?y 1ì μ? ?? μí ?? o? * ?? ?? Dè