高中虚拟语气学案.docVIP

语 法 讲 解 ——虚拟语气 英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。 一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 假设种类 　　虚拟条件句 　　　主句 与现在事实相反 If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were) 主语+should, would,might, could＋动词原形 与过去相反 If+主语+had +过去分词 主语＋should, would,might, could＋have +过去分词 与将来相反 1.If+主语+动词过去式 2.If+主语+were to do 3.If+主语+should do 主语＋should, would, might, could＋动词原形 1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生： If we_______(have) time now, we_____________( read )it again. If I ___________(be) you, I _____________( work )hard. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生： If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test. If I________________(know)your telephone number then, I _____________________(call) you. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生： If it __________________________(snow) tomorrow, they ________________( not go) out. P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况 (1). 混合/错综型虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 If you__________________(follow) my advice, you _____________( be) better now. If I________________(be) you, I ________________(take) his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去) （2）省略if的虚拟语气 如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。 If it should happen, what would you do? →________________________, what would you do? If he had recognized me, he would have come over. →____________________, he would have come over. (3) 含蓄虚拟条件句 有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but等。 Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded. But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry. He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he __________________(attend) the party. 二． 虚拟语气用于从句中，should 可以省略的情况 1. 在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist（要求）, order, prefer, command, ask, request. The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time. P.S. 当suggest表示‘暗示，说明’之意；insist表示‘坚持认为，坚持说’之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。 He suggested that we ___________(offer)