化工专业英语unit 6.ppt

08-06-06 Unit 6　Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes Contents 1. Lime-Based Products 2. Soda-Ash 3. Electrolytic Processes for Chlorine/Caustic Soda 4. The Uses of Chlorine and Sodium Hydroxide Guiding questions List some major products in the chlor-alkali processes. Describe briefly the Solvay ammonia soda process. Outline the main steps in marking sulfuric acid. Point out the major uses of some main products described in the text. Lime-Based Products 2. Soda-Ash 3. Electrolytic Processes for Chlorine/Caustic Soda Practice and Topics Outline the major products in the chlor-alkali processes. Point out the major uses of some main products described in the text. The past, present and future of chlor-alkali industry in china By Ding Ming-jie Department of Chemical Engineering In August 2009 By Zhao Ya-qi Department of Chemical Engineering Prelude Historically the bulk chemical industry(大化工) was built on chlor-alkali and related processes. The segment is normally taken to include the production of chlorine gas, caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), soda-ash (derivatives of sodium carbonate in various forms) and, for convenience, lime-based products. Soda-ash and sodium hydroxide have competed with each other as the major source of alkali ever since viable processes were discovered for both. The peculiar economics of electrolytic processes mean that you have to make chlorine and caustic soda together in a fixed ratio whatever the relative demand for the two totally different types of product, and this causes swings in the price of caustic soda which can render soda-ash more or less favorable as an alkali. Both chlorine/caustic soda and soda-ash production are dependent on cheap readily available supplies of raw materials. Chlorine/caustic soda requires a ready supply of cheap brine and electricity, soda-ash requires brine, limestone and lots of energy. Soda-ash plants are only profitable if their raw materials do not have to be transported far. The avail