心理学专业英语二.ppt

The debates in psychology The reductionism debate The nature-nurture debate The freewill vs. determinism debate Idiographic vs. nomothetic approaches The debates in psychology The debates in psychology The debates in psychology Psychology and Science Whether psychology is science? For: Structuralists: tried to bring the scientific methods of pure observation and analysis to the study of human experience. Behaviorists: used the strictness of their application of the scientific method. Cognitive psychology is funded on the basis of its scientific nature. Psychology and Science Against: Many scientists still think that psychology is a pseudo science, it is just like common sense. Because: ▲ Everybody is a natural psychologist themselves, and the subject matter of psychology is freely available to everyday speculation. ▲ Psychology’s history is short, but it has the most complex subjects in the universe. ▲ It has many problems, like philosophical, practical and ethical problems. Psychology and Science The standard for science: ▲ A subject matter What should be studied and how (paradigm)? ▲ Good theories and hypotheses The bias in psychological theory and research Gender bias in psychological theory and research Cultural bias in psychological theory and research The bias in psychological theory and research ● Examples of gender bias in psychology ▲ Moral development: stages of moral development ▲ Interpersonal relationships: male bias ▲ Childcare: maternal deprivation ▲ Socialization: a gender biased view on women ● Four kinds of biases ▲ Theoretical bias ▲ Reporting bias ▲ Researcher bias ▲ Methodological bias ● Consequences of gender bias ● Validity of gender bias ● Reducing gender bias Controversial applications of psychology Psychometric testing Advertising The psychology of warfare Controversial applications of psychology Is the test fairly conducted? 测试的实施是否公平？ Is the test fairly constructed? 测试的结构是否公