Breast_Disease.ppt

* * Hypoechoic, no acoutic transmission * Phyllode[‘filoud]叶状 Whorled[HW?LD]有螺纹的 * * Sclerose【sklie‘rous】使硬化 * Cellulitis蜂窝组织炎 * * * Discharge – green, milky – galactorhea prolactin level. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Central anecho, well circumscribed margins, enhanced thru transmission * * * * * * * This method is commonly used in our department。 * * * * * * * * * * The “milk line”. Accessory breast tissue is most common in the axilla. Supernumerary nipples (Accessory nipples) are most commonly present directly below (caudal) the breast and in the mid-clavicular line. * * * * * Anechoic, well marginated, well defined posterior shadowing Surgery Indication Acute Ileitis Obstruction Fistula Free Perforation Gastrointestinal Bleeding Urologic Complications Cancer (2) Tuberculosis of Intestine Mycobacterial infection is a frequent cause of intestinal disease in immunocompromised hosts The usual route of infection is by swallowed organisms that directly penetrate the intestinal mucosa Clinically, patients present with diarrhea, fever, anorexia, and progressive wasting The most frequent site of intestinal involvement of M. tuberculosis is the distal ileum and cecum(85% to 90%) The gross appearance can be ulcerative, hypertrophic, or ulcerohypertrophic Tuberculosis of Intestine The diagnosis of mycobacterial infection is made by identification of the organism in tissue, either by direct visualization with an acid-fast stain, by culture of the excised tissue, or by PCR Radiographic examinations usually reveal a thickened mucosa with distorted mucosal folds and ulcerations CT may be useful and shows a thickening of the ileocecal valve and cecum. The treatment of M. tuberculosis is antimicrobial therapy Obstruction and fistula formation are the leading indications for surgery surgery may be necessary when free perforation, perforation with abscess, or massive hemorrhage occurs. (3) Typhoid Enteritis Typhoid enteritis is an acute systemic infection ca