UmbilicalCordAbnormalityLiquorVolumeAbnormality.ppt

Abnormal Umbilical Cord Liquor Volume AbnormalityPremature Delivery Premature Rupture of MembraneProlonged Pregnancy, Multiple Pregnancy Women Hospital , School of Medical, ZheJiang University Wang Zheng Ping Abnormal Umbilical Cord Abnormal cord length Cord entanglement Knot of cord Torsion of cord Abnormal cord insertion Cord presentation and cord prolapse Single umbilical artery Abnormal cord length Normal cord length is 30-100cm, averagely 55cm Short cord: 30cm is defined as short cord, may lead to fetal distress, placental abruptio, prolonged labour Long cord: 100cm is defined as long cord, higher occurrence of cord around neck, cord around body, cord knot, cord prolapse and cord compression Abnormal cord insertion Marginal cord insertion into placenta, known as racket placenta Cord insertion onto membrane, runs between chorionic membrane and amniotic membrane before inserting into placenta, known as cord velamentous insertion Blood vessels on membrane passing internal cervical os anterior to fetal presenting part, known as vasa previa Velamentous cord insertion, commonly seen with single umbilical artery In vasa previa rupture, blood loss of 200-300ml can lead to fetal demise velamentous cord insertion velamentous cord insertion Cord presentation and Cord prolapse Cord located anterior or lateral to fetal presenting part, known as cord presentation, also known as occult cord prolapse At membrane rupture, cord prolapse out of cervical os, descending into vagina, known as cord prolapse Cord prolapse is life-threatening to the fetus Cord presentation Cord prolapse Knot of cord Cord entanglement Cord entanglement Abnormal Liquor Volume Polyhydramnios Oligohydramnios Polyhydramnios Defined as amniotic fluid volume more than 2000ml at any period of gestation Incidence 0.5% - 1.0% If amniotic fluid volume increase progressively over months, the symptoms are usually milde