操作系统原理02.pptVIP

Module 2: Computer-System Structures计算机系统结构 Computer System Operation 计算机系统运行 Storage Structure 存储构造 Storage Hierarchy 存储层次 Hardware Protection 硬件保护 Computer-System Architecture计算机系统体系结构 Computer-System Operation计算机系统运行 I/O devices and the CPU can execute concurrently. I/O 设备与CPU可并行运行 Each device controller is in charge of a particular device type. 每一设备控制器负责一个设备类型 Each device controller has a local buffer. 每一设备控制器有一局部缓存 CPU moves data from/to main memory to/from local buffers CPU 通过局部缓存与主存交换数据 I/O is from the device to local buffer of controller. I/O从设备到设备控制器的局部缓存 Device controller informs CPU that it has finished its operation by causing an interrupt. 设备控制器通过引起中断通知CPU操作已完成 Storage-Device Hierarchy存储设备层次 Storage Hierarchy存储层次 Storage systems organized in hierarchy.存储系统分层组织 Speed 速度 cost 成本 volatility 易失性 Caching – copying information into faster storage system; main memory can be viewed as a last cache for secondary storage. 缓存- 把信息复制进较快的存储系统；主存可看作为二级存储器的最后一个缓存 Storage Structure存储结构 Main memory – only large storage media that the CPU can access directly.主存- CPU可以直接访问的唯一大型存储介质 Secondary storage – extension of main memory that provides large nonvolatile storage capacity.二级存储器-主存的扩展提供了非易失的存储容量 Magnetic disks – rigid metal or glass platters covered with magnetic recording material 磁盘-覆盖了磁记录材料的硬金属或玻璃盘片 Disk surface is logically divided into tracks, which are subdivided into sectors.磁盘表面逻辑划分了磁道、再划分为扇面 The disk controller determines the logical interaction between the device and the computer. 磁盘驱动器确定设备和计算机之间的相互作用 Moving-Head Disk Mechanism磁头移动机制 Hardware Protection硬件保护 Dual-Mode Operation 两状态运行 I/O Protection I/O保护 Memory Protection 内存保护 CPU Protection CPU 保护 Dual-Mode Operation两状态运行 Sharing system resources requires operating system to ensure that an incorrect program cannot cause other programs to execute incorrectly. 共享系统资源要求操作系统确保