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哈佛结构和冯诺依曼结构 1.哈佛结构： 哈佛结构是一种存储器结构。使用哈佛结构的处理器有：AVR、ARM the Harvard architecture is a Storage structure.the processors which use Harvard architecture are:AVR,ARM 哈佛结构是一种将程序指令存储和数据存储分开的存储器结构。哈佛结构是一种并行体系结构，它的主要特点是将程序和数据存储在不同的存储空间中，即程序存储器和数据存储器是两个独立的存储器，每个存储器独立编址、独立访问。 The Harvard architecture is a computer architecture with physically separate storage and signal pathways for instructions(指令) and data. Separate instruction storage and data storage.they are two independent storage. The Harvard architecture which is also a stored-program system but has one dedicated set of address and data buses for reading data from and writing data to memory, and another set of address and data buses for fetching instructions. 2.冯诺依曼结构Von Neumann architecture 冯·诺依曼体系结构冯·诺依曼理论的要点是：数字计算机的数制采用二进制；计算机应该按照程序顺序执行。人们把冯·诺依曼的这个理论称为冯·诺依曼体系结构。 This describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with subdivisions of a processing unit consisting of an arithmetic logic unit and processor registers, a control unit containing an instruction register and program counter, a memory to store both data and instructions, external mass storage, and input and output mechanisms. The meaning of the term has evolved to mean a stored-program computer in which an instruction fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time because they share a common bus. 哈佛结构与冯·诺依曼结构处理器相比，处理器有两个明显的特点：使用两个独立的存储器模块，分别存储指令和数据，每个存储模块都不允许指令和数据并存；使用独立的两条总线，分别作为CPU与每个存储器之间的专用通信路径，而这两条总线之间毫无关联。 Compared to Von Neumann architecture,the processor of the Harvard architecture has two significant features:use two standalone/independent storage separately for instructions and data.use two standalone/independent common bus separately for every storage connect to CPU(central processing unit). Under pure von Neumann architecture the CPU can be either reading an instruction or reading/writing data from/to the memory. Both cannot occur at the same time since the instructions and data use the same bus system. In a computer