美国陆军士兵衔级标志.doc

陆军士兵衔级标志E-1无标志E-2二等兵E-3一等兵E-4专业下士/下士E-5士官E-6参谋士官E-7一等士官E-8专家士官/首席士官E-9士官长/指挥士官长E-10陆军士官长全文如下：Army Enlisted Promotion System（美国陆士兵晋升体制）Each year, when Congress passes the Defense Authorization Act, they tell the Army exactly how many people can be on active duty during the year. By separate legislation, Congress also limits what percentage of the total active duty force can serve in each commissioned officer rank, what percentage of the total active duty force can serve in each warrant officer rank, and what percentage of the active duty force can serve in each enlisted rank, above the grade of E-4 (there are no statutory limits for E-4 and below).每年，当国会通过国防授权法案的时候，他们就会告知陆军当年可招募多少人服现役。通过其他单独的立法，国会还对每个衔级的军官、准尉以及E-4以上级别的士兵在所有现役人员中所占比例做出限制（E-4及以下级别的士兵无此法定限制）。That, then, becomes the basis of the Army enlisted promotion system. The Army takes the number of slots they have for each enlisted rank, above the rank of E-4, and allocates them to the different（Military Occupation Specialty） MOSs (enlisted jobs). In other words, MOS 123 may be allowed to have 5,000 E-5s at any point in time and 2,000 E-6s, and MOS 456 may be authorized 7,000 E-5s, and 5,000 E-6s (as a general rule, the higher the rank, the fewer positions there are).这就是陆军士兵晋升体系的基础。陆军决定了每个级别士兵的名额，对E-4以上级别的，就将他们分配到不同的军事专业岗位（士兵司职的）上去，换句话说，123类的军事专业岗位上可允许有5000名E-5级和2000名E-6级的士兵，而456类的军事专业岗位则可拥有7,000 名E-5级和5,000 E-6级的士兵（总的规律是，军衔越高，岗位也越少）。In order to promote someone (above the rank of E-4), there must be a vacancy. For example, if an E-9 retires in a certain MOS, that means that one E-8 can be promoted to E-9, and that opens an E-8 slot, so one E-7 can be promoted to E-8, and so-forth. If 200 E-5s get out of the Army in a particular MOS, then 200 E-4s can be promoted to E-5.要想晋升一名士兵（E-4以上衔级），首先得有职务空缺。举个例，如果一名E-9士兵在一个岗位上退伍了，那么一名E-8士兵就可晋升到E-9级了。接着，一个E-8的名额也空出来了，然后一名E-7士兵又可晋升到E-8，依次类推。所以，如果有200名E-5士兵在其岗位上都退伍了，那就有200名 E-4士兵可以晋升到E-5级。The Army has 401,138 enlisted members on active duty. Her