chap 3 image enhancement in the spatial domain-local processing.pptVIP

chap 3 image enhancement in the spatial domain-local processing.ppt

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chap 3 image enhancement in the spatial domain-local processing

3.2 图像的空间域平滑 任何一幅原始图像,在其获取和传输等过程中,会受到各种噪声的干扰,使图像恶化,质量下降,图像模糊,特征淹没,对图像分析不利。 为了抑制噪声改善图像质量所进行的处理称图像平滑或去噪。 平滑可以抑制高频成分,但也使图像变得模糊。 3.2 Sptail filter use filter (can also be called as mask/kernel (核)/template or window) the values in a filter subimage are referred to as (被称为) coefficients, rather than pixel. our focus will be on masks of odd sizes, e.g. (举例来说) 3x3, 5x5,… 3.2 Sptail filter Spatial Filtering Process: simply move the filter mask from point to point in an image. at each point (x, y), the response of the filter at that point is calculated using a predefined relationship. 3.2.1 Smoothing Sptail filters used for blurring (模糊) and for noise reduction. blurring is used in preprocessing steps, such as removal of small details from an image prior to object extraction bridging (连接) of small gaps in lines or curves noise reduction can be accomplished by blurring with a linear filter and also by a nonlinear filter. 3.2.1.1 Smoothing Linear filters output is simply the average of the pixels contained in the neighborhood of the filter mask. also called averaging filters or lowpass filters. 3.2.1.1 Smoothing Linear filters replacing the value of every pixel in an image by the average of the gray levels in the neighborhood will reduce the “sharp” transitions in gray levels. sharp transitions result from random noise in the image edges of objects in the image thus, smoothing can reduce noises (desirable) and blur edges (undesirable) 3.2.1.1 Smoothing Linear filters Two 3?3 smoothing linear filters 3.2.1.1 Smoothing Linear filters Box filter (局部/邻域平均法) 局部平均法的基本假设: 图像由许多灰度恒定的小块组成。 图像上的噪声是加性的、均值为零,且与图像信号互不相关。 3.2.1.1 Smoothing Linear filters Box filter (局部/邻域平均法) 设有一幅数字有噪图像: 局部平均处理后,得到平滑图像为: Box filter 例:对图像采用3×3的邻域平均法,对像素(m,n),其邻域像素如下: Box filter Box filter 3.2.1.1 Smoothing Linear filters Box filter (局部平均法) 直接在空间域上对图像进行平滑处理,便于实现,计算速度快,结果比较令人满意。 平滑后噪声方差为处理前的1/M 局部平均会使图像模糊,特别是轮廓边缘不清晰。 3.2.1.1 Smoothing Linear filters Weighted average filter: 3.2.1.2 Smoothing N

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