高中物理 第五部分测试题 语法 牛津译林版必修3.docVIP

1. 疑问词引导的名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，在复合句中能担任主语，表语，宾语，同位语，介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中的句法功能，名词性从句又可以分为主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。本单元主要介绍由疑问词引导的名词性从句。疑问词有两类，即疑问代词(what, whatever, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose) 和疑问副词(when, where, how, why)。疑问代词通常在从句中作主语，表语和宾语。疑问副词则通常在从句中作状语（时间状语，地点状语，方式状语或原因状语）。请看如下例句，并试着分析作引导词的疑问词在从句中所担任的成分。 What he said at the meeting confused everyone present. (作引导词的疑问代词在主语从句中作宾语) The little boy ate whatever his mother gave him. (作引导词的疑问代词在宾语从句中作宾语) Please give some suggestion which book I should choose among these. (作引导词的疑问代词在同位语从句中作定语) The problem is who/whom I should turn to for help. (作引导词的疑问代词在表语从句中作宾语) Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (作引导词的疑问代词在主语从句中作主语) When we will go skating is up to you to make a decision. (作引导词的疑问副词在主语从句中作时间状语) I insisted upon an answer to my question why he had done it. (作引导词的疑问副词在同位语从句中作原因状语) There is a doubt how they managed to travel to the moon. (作引导词的疑问副词在同位语从句中作方式状语) 运用名词性从句时的注意点： 1) 关于that的省略 一般情况下，宾语从句中的that是可以省略的。但在下列几种情况下，that一般不可省略。 ①介词后面的that不能省。 Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.彼得是好学生，只是有时粗心。 ②并列连词and连接两个或两个以上宾语从句，第二个及以后的宾语从句中的that不省略。 My uncle says (that) he has served here for twenty years and that he is going to retire next month. 我叔叔说他在这儿工作已二十年了，下个月即将退休。 ③主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。 He said that, if he could manage it, he would come for dinner. 他说，如果他安排得好的话，他会来吃晚饭的。 ④宾语从句中有其他从属连词时，that不能省略。 He told me that if it was necessary they would work all night. 他告诉我，如果需要的话，他们就干个通宵。 2) 名词性从句的词序 名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如： He asked me what was the matter with me. We’ve heard the news that we’ll move into the new house. Whatever you say will interest us all. 3) whether和if的用法 ①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如： It all depends on whether they will come back. 一切都取决于他们是否会来。 ②后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如： I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan. 我不知道他是否已经到达武汉了。 ③主语从句，表语从句中只能用whether。如： Whether the meeting will be put off has not