大学物理课件-波Wave.pdf

Chapter 12 Waves Wave motion is the most universal physical phenomenon, we discover the wave motion all around us. Mechanical waves—acoustic wave, water wave Electromagnetic waves—radio, light wave Matter waves—electron wave Wave is a propagating disturbance that transfers energy, momentum and information as its own characteristic speed from one region of space to another. We will concentrate to the mechanical waves. 1 §12.1 mechanical waves 1. What is mechanical waves? Source of wave—a disturbance(oscillation) Medium—for propagation of waves 2. Classification of mechanical waves According to the direction of particle motion Longitudinal waves: waves whose oscillation or jiggling is along the line the wave propagates. §12.1 mechanical waves Transverse waves: the waves whose oscillation or jiggling is perpendicular to the line along which the waves propagates. Plane of polarization-- the plane in which the jiggling of a transverse waves disturbance occurs. Pulse wave: Periodic train of waves: 2 §12.1 mechanical waves Wavefronts—the surfaces on them all the points are in the same state of motion. Wave ray—the direction which are perpendicular to the wavefronts or parallel to the velocity of the waves §12.1 mechanical waves According to the shape of the wavefronts Plane waves: the wavefronts are plane Cylindrical wave: the wavefronts are cylindrical Spherical wave: the wavefronts are spherical 3 §12.1 mechanical waves Seismic waves— 150m/s earthquakes produce both longitudinal and transverse waves d d