Prof.LotharvonFalkenhausen讲座英文稿西周晚期到春秋時期青銅器的文化作用.pdfVIP

Lecture Cycle: Chinese Bronzes, 850-400 BC: Issues in Interpretation Prof. Lothar von Falkenhausen This cycle of lectures addressed the development of Chinese bronzes from what earlier scholarship referred to as the “Middle Zhou transformation” to the beginnings of the Warring States period. These four-and-a-half centuries saw two major bouts of stylistic and typological transformation: the Late Western Zhou Ritual Reform about 850 BC, rightly emphasized in the work of Jessica Rawson since the 1980s, and the Middle Springs and Autumns Ritual Restructuring, first identified by Lothar von Falkenhausen building on previous observations by Li Ling and other scholars. One main emphasis in this cycle of lectures is to introduce the second of these transformations, which had been little noticed previously. Lectures 2 and 3 were therefore devoted to the discussion of the Middle Springs and Autumns Ritual Restructuring and its significance. By way of an introduction, the first lecture discussed the Late Western Zhou Ritual Reform, and the concluding fourth lectures presented a more general narrative of relevant art-historical changes during the late Bronze Age. (1) From the Late Western Zhou Ritual Reform to the end of the Early Springs and Autumns Period The first lecture began by describing the major archaeological components of the Late Western Zhou Ritual Reform: changes in vessel typology, intimating new ritual usages; changes in vessel assemblages, manifesting the standardization of social ranks within the élite stratum of society during that time; changes in vessel ornamentation, probably showing changes in the religious significance of the motifs; and the invention of ton