Management yesterday and today2.pptVIP

* 4 elements of TQM include: Employee involvement. TQM requires organisation-wide participation in quality control, ? Focus on the customer. TQM organisations find out what customers want and attempt to meet their needs and expectations. ? Benchmarking. A process whereby organisations find out how others do something better, and then try to match or improve on their performance. ? Continuous improvement. TQM relies on the implementation of small, incremental improvements in all areas of the organisation on an ongoing basis to produce long-term results. The Quantitative Approach How is this approach relevant today: Contributes to planning and controlling Computer software used today is based on this approach Manufacturers (and organisations in general) realise the importance of quality management. 4. Organisational Behaviour – early advocates This is the field of study concerned with the behaviour (actions) of people at work. Early advocates of OB: Robert Owen – late 1700s Hugo Munsterberg – early 1900s Mary Parker Follett – early 1900s Chester Barnard – 1930s Robert Owen: Concerned about deplorable working conditions Proposed idealistic workplace Argued that money spent improving labour was a smart investment Hugo Munsterberg: Created field of industrial psychology Contributions include tests for employee selection; training and motivation of staff Mary Parker Follett: Importance of groups, and managers role to facilitate cooperation between employees Empowerment and ownership in the organisation Proposed more people-oriented ideas rather than scientific management theories Chester Barnard: Actual manager who thought organisations were social systems that required co-operation Manager’s job to stimulate/communicate to employees First to argue that organisations were open systems All of these individuals’ contributions were varied but all had the common belief that people were the most important asset of the organisation and should be managed accor