非谓语动词用法辨析.pptVIP

* 非谓语动词 用法辨析 一、作主语 及作宾语 作主语:动名词表一般，不定式表特定①， 到底谁来作宾语，谓语动词来决定②。 二、作表语 作表语:不定式表将来，动名词表说明③， 现在分词表示主语的性质与征， 过去分词表示主语处于某种状态中。 三、作定语 作定语:不定式表将来，动名词表作用④， 现在分词表示动作在进行， 过去分词则表被动，动作已完成⑤。 四、作状语 作状语:分词常表时间、原因和伴随⑥， 不定式可表目的和结果。 五、作补语 作补语:现在分词表示主动动作在进行， 过去分词表示被动动作已完成， 不定式则表示该项动作全过程⑦。 。 练习 ①动名词作主语表示比较抽象的一般性行为，而不定式作主语则表示具体、特定或将来的动作。比较： Learning a language well is not easy. It is difficult to learn English. back ②是用动名词作宾语或是用不定式作宾语，通常由谓语动词来决定。如： 1）动词：suggest, enjoy, mind, finish, practise, advise, avoid, risk, miss, excuse, pardon, delay, consider, escape, insist on, put off, can’t help (doing) 等等，后面只能用动名词作宾语。如： Would you mind opening the window? You should practise reading and speaking English more. 2)动词want, wish, hope, expect, manage, learn, refuse, decide, offer, promise, pretend, ask, used to等后只能用不定式作宾语。如： He refused to accept my invitation. They pretended to be working very hard. 3)有些动词，如love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, intend, begin, start, continue, propose, need, want（需要）等，后面接动词或不定式意思差别不大，常可换用。如： Do you like playing (to play) chess? I propose making (to make) a change in the plan. The house needs (wants) cleaning (to be cleaned). 4)有些动词，如remember, forget, regret, stop, try, mean等，后接动名词或不定式，意思差别很大，应个别记忆。如： remember/forget/regret+动名词（该动作已发生过） remember/forget/regret+不定式（该动作还未发生） mean+动名词 “意味着干……” mean+不定式 “打算干……” 例：I forgot turning (having turned) off the light.— I forgot that I had turned off the light.（灯已关了。） I forgot to turn off the light.— I forgot that I would (go to) turn off the light.（灯还未关。） But I won’t wait if it means delaying more than a week.如果那将意味着要耽误一周的时间，我可就不等了。 I have been meant to write to you for weeks.几周来， 我一直想给你写信。 back ③动名词作表语，用来说明主语的具体内容（与主语可互换位置）。如： Her job is looking after the children. Looking after the children is her job. My wish is being an English teacher. Being an English teacher is my wish. back ④动名词作定语，说明被修饰名词的用途（作用）。如： a swimming pool —— a pool for swimming a meeting room —— a room for meeting back *