第二十八章致癌基因和癌症(Oncoge.pptVIP

Chapter 28 Oncogenes and cancer 28.1 Introduction28.2 Transforming viruses carry oncogenes28.3 Early genes of DNA transforming viruses have multifunction oncogenes28.4 Retroviruses activate or incorporate cellular genes28.5 Retroviral oncogenes have cellular counterparts28.6 Ras oncogenes can be detected in a transfection assay28.7 Ras proto-oncogenes can be activated by mutation at specific positions28.8 Nondefective retroviruses activate proto-oncogenes28.9 Proto-oncogenes can be activated by translocation28.10 The Philadelphia translocation generates a new oncogene28.11 Oncogenes code for components of signal transduction cascades28.12 Growth factor receptor kinases can be mutated to oncogenes28.13 Src is the prototype for the proto-oncogenic cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases 28.14 Oncoproteins may regulate gene expression28.15 RB is a tumor suppressor that controls the cell cycle28.16 Tumor suppressor p53 suppresses growth or triggers apoptosis28.17 p53 is a DNA-binding protein28.18 p53 is controlled by other tumor suppressors and oncogenes28.19 Immortalization and transformation are independent28.20 Telomere shortening causes cell mortality Anchorage dependence describes the need of normal eukaryotic cells for a surface to attach to in order to grow in culture.Aneuploid chromosome constitution differs from the usual diploid constitution by loss or duplication of chromosomes or chromosomal segments.Metastasis describes the ability of tumor cells to leave their site of origin and migrate to other locations in the body, where a new colony is established.Monolayer describes the growth of eukaryotic cells in culture as a layer only one cell deep.Oncogenes are genes whose products have the ability to transform eukaryotic cells so that they grow in a manner analogous to tumor cells. Oncogenes carried by retroviruses have names of the form v-onc. Primary cells are eukaryotic cells taken into culture directly from the animal.Proto-oncogenes are the no