医学英语的特点和翻译.ppt

医学英语的特点和翻译 徐育年 中南大学外国语学院 医学英语： 学术研究初步讲稿之一 * * Contents 1. 医学英语的特点 2. 翻译的标准 3. 篇章段落的翻译练习之一 * * 医学英语的特点 专业术语的广泛使用 语法结构的特点 名词和名词短语的广泛使用 被动语态 动词时态的相对稳定性 长句和结构句的使用 文章结构的相对稳定 * * 医学英语单词的构成 * * * * 词汇的构成 * * 构词特点举例 * * 语法结构的特点：名词和名词短语 * * 语法结构的特点 ：被动语态 * * 语法结构的特点： 时态的稳定性 * * 长句和结构句的广泛使用 * * 举例（1） For example, asthma now affects approximately 10% of the population of many Western countries; lung cancer is the most common male cancer and in some places has already exceeded breast cancer as the most common female malignancy. Tuberculosis, for so long the staple of the respiratory physician is, after a long period of decline, increasing again. * * 举例（2） The respiratory complications of HIV infections have added to the burden. Increases in pollution, new industrial processes and the growing worldwide consumption of tobacco all have implications for the lungs. The average family practitioner, therefore, is likely to spend more of the working day examining the respiratory system than any other. * * 文章结构的相对稳定性特点 * * * * 翻译的标准 * * * * 段落翻译 Does the patient breathe more comfortably in certain positions? Can the patient lie flat or does he or she have to be propped up? Patients with pulmonary oedema and severe airflow limitation will be unable to lie down for long but then most patients with breathing difficulty are more comfortable sitting up. Is breathing audible? Wheeze is a prolonged expiratory noise often audible to the patient as well as the doctor and implies airflow limitation. Stridor is a harsh, chiefly inspiratory noise and implies obstruction in the central airways. This may be at laryngeal level when the voice is usually hoarse but otherwise implies tracheal or major bronchial obstruction. In children, croup and foreign bodies are the usual causes; in adults, carcinoma or extrinsic compression. * * 病人呼吸是否在特定的位置更舒适？可病人平躺或他或她必须撑起了？肺水肿，严重限制患者的气流将无法躺下长期呼吸困难，但后来大多数病人坐起来更舒服。呼吸是发声喘息呼气是一个长期的噪音常常听见的病人以及医生和暗示气流限制。喘鸣是一个严峻的，主要是吸气噪音，意味着在中央气道阻塞。这可能是在喉水平时，声音嘶哑，但通常是指气管或其他