Seismic Modelling.pptVIP

Seismic Modelling An essential interpreter’s tool Objectives Communicate an excitement for seismic modelling Illustrate uses and misuses Amuse Introduction In the beginning Introduction Physical laws are defined by PDE’s (partial differential equations) Three major types of PDE: Laplace’s equation (potential fields) Heat equation (any diffusion process) Wave equation (any propagation phenomenon) Introduction Though there are very many methods for seismic modelling, beneath them all is the same physics. Any particular method has limited ability to represent this underlying physical reality. Different methods are limited in different ways. Introduction Acoustic Finite difference modelling Diffraction summation Elastic finite difference modelling Ray tracing Reflectivity and wave-ray hybrid methods Wave Equations- in the beginning - Wave Equations- basic features - Wave Equations- different types for different physics - Wave Equations- different types for different physics - Finite difference modelling Finite difference modelling Depth Model Exploding reflector Exploding reflector Kirchhoff modelling- diffraction superposition- Kirchhoff modelling- diffraction superposition- Diffraction Superposition Finite Difference Clipped Comparison Kirchhoff Modelling-diffraction superposition- High frequency, high resolution response for exploding reflector modelling. Extension to variable velocity requires raytracing approximations. Extension to prestack requires computation of the response of a planar segment. Back to finite differencing … Shot record VSP record Finite difference modelling Finite difference modelling Elastic Finite Differencing New colour key for displacement Pressure source at 8 m. in a half space Colour key for pressure/torque Pressure source at 8 m. in a half space Investigating depth of shot effects Pressure source at 18 m. in a half space Pressure source at 8 m. in a half space Investigating first break character Velocity profiles Source at 18 m