化学专业英语4月4号翻译作业.pptVIP

化学专业英语 Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry “Organic” – until mid 1800’s referred to compounds from living sources (mineral sources diamond and graphite were inorganic”) W?hler in 1828 showed that urea, an organic compound, could be made from a minerals ?? Includes biological molecules, drugs, solvents, dyes ?? Does not include metal salts and materials (inorganic) ?? Does not include materials of large repeating molecules without sequences (polymers） Organic Chemistry Today, organic compounds are those based on carbon structures and organic chemistry studies carbon and hydrogen structures and reactions. ?? Includes biological molecules, drugs, solvents, dyes ?? Does not include metal salts and materials (inorganic) ?? Does not include materials of large repeating molecules without sequences (polymers） Goal of Organic Chemistry Learn the crucial facts and vocabulary of Organic Chemistry Develop theoretical intuition about how Bonding works (Molecular structure), and changes (reactivity) Theory Experiment (Because Lab answers the Big Question) Molecular structure Learn the crucial facts and vocabulary of Organic Chemistry Develop theoretical intuition about how Bonding works (Molecular structure), and changes (reactivity) Atomic Structure Structure of an atom Positively charged nucleus (very dense, protons and neutrons) and smal (10-15 m) ??Negatively charged electrons are in a cloud (10-10 m) around nucleus Diameter is about 2 × 10-10 m (200 picometers (pm)) [the unit angstrom (?) is 10-10 m = 100 pm] Atomic Number and Atomic Mass The atomic number (Z) is the number of protons in the atoms nucleus The mass number (A) is the number of protons plus neutrons All the atoms of a given element have the same atomic number Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons and therefore different mass numbers The atomic