工程材料即机械制造基础6.pptVIP

Joining Processes 1. Fundamentals of joining Introduction to welding processes The permanent joining of two materials, usually metals, by coalescence, which is induced by a combination of temperature, pressure and metallurgical conditions. Classification of Welding and thermal cutting processes Welding process Weld joint Butt Lap Tee Corner Edge Heat effects Effect of welding on the structure and properties of materials The weld metal Non-metallic inclusions, gas porosity The heat-affected zone Thermal-induced residual stress The result of restraint to thermal expansion and contraction offered by the pieces being weld Causes distortion even cracking of the assembly Can be eliminated by giving stress relief heat treatment to welded assemblies Weldability or Joinability A material’s ability to be welded or joined A quit nebulous term 2. Flame Process 2.1 Oxyfuel gas welding Oxyfuel gas welding processes Processes that use as their heat source the flame produced by the combustion of a fuel gas and oxygen Acetylene (C2H2) is the principal fuel gas The combustion of oxygen and acetylene The first stage The second stage Typical oxyacetylene flame The types of flames Neutral flame The oxygen/acetylene ratio is about 1:1 to 1.15:1; Have the least chemical effect on the heated metal. Oxidizing flame A higher oxygen/acetylene ratio of 1.5:1; Is hotter than the neutral flame, and usually used when welding copper and copper alloys. Carburizing flame The excess fuel decomposes to carbon and hydrogen, and the flame temperature is a little lower. Is used in welding nickel-copper alloy, high-carbon steels, and some alloy steels. Oxygen supply and welding torch Filler metal (welding rod) Is used to fill the gap between the pieces being joined and regulate the composition of the weld metal. Is often coated with flux to clean the surfaces, remove contamination oxide and prevent further oxidation when it vaporizing Advantages and limitations of oxyfue