Chemical Analysis and Classification of coal.ppt

Chemical Analysis and Classification of coal 1. Introduction Coal is a heterogeneous mixture of organic compounds, together with a certain amount of inorganic material in the form of moisture and mineral impurities. The general nature of these materials can be evaluated by a combination of two sets of analytical data： 煤是由有机化合物和一定数量以水分和矿物杂质形式存在的无机物组成的不均质混合物。 这些物质的特性可结合两类分析数据来进行评定。 （1） Proximate analysis This gives the relative amounts of light organic compound（volatile matter），as opposed to non-volatile organic material （fixed carbon）. This type of analysis also gives the amount of moisture in the coal，and a measure of the inorganic components，left as residue or ash when the coal is burned. （1）工业分析 工业分析测定煤中轻质有机物（挥发物）和与其相反的非挥发有机物（固定碳）的相对含量。工业分析也测定煤中的水分含量，并测定无机化合物，就是煤燃烧时的剩余物即灰分。 （2） Ultimate analysis This determines the total amount of the principal chemical elements in coal：carbon；hydrogen；oxygen；nitrogen and sulphur. In some studies，the data may be recaculated to removed the percentage of these elements contained in the moisture and mineral inpurities，in order to obtain the chemical composition of the organic fraction alone. （2）元素分析 元素分析测定煤中每一种主要元素：碳、氢、氧、氮、硫的总量。在一些研究中，为了得到有机物单独的化学组成，这些数据可以用扣除含在水分和矿物杂质中上述元素的百分数后在进行计算。 In many cases，the results of proximate and ultimate analysis are sufficient to indicate how the coal will behave in industrial use. More specific tests may also be employed to give further information on various aspects of the coals properties. These tests may be regarded as miscellaneous analysis，and include determination of such properties as amount of heat energy liberated from the coal on combustion， and the type of coke likely to be made from the coal in carbonization processes. 在很多情况下，工业分析和元素分析的结果足以表明煤在工业使用中的性质。也可以进行更具体的试验进一步得到其他方面煤的性质。这些分析称为各种工艺性质分析，包括确定煤在燃烧过程中释放出来的热值和焦化过程中形成什么类型的焦炭等性质。 2. Classification of coal For most geological purposes， the rank and type of the coal，as determined by petrographic methods， provide an adequate basis for the