清末宪政模式研.pdfVIP

摘要 中国政治现代化的起步始于清末宪政改革，从 1906 年至 1911 年的五年间，清政府进行 了一系列的政治制度创新。改革中充满着错综复杂的矛盾，最为引人注目的是资产阶级立宪 派与清政府在宪政模式问题上存在的冲突。论文将紧紧抓住这一冲突研究清末的宪政改革问 题。资产阶级立宪派主张实施议会制君主立宪制，而清政府却选择实行二元制君主立宪制。 最终立宪派因实力弱小无力抗衡清政府，逐渐走向了清政府的对立面，这使清政府丧失了重 要同盟者，而清政府自身也有很多局限，致使宪政改革失败。 论文从论述清末资产阶级立宪派主张的宪政模式和清政府实施的宪政模式入手，通过分 析两种宪政模式的内在冲突，探究它们都未能成功实施的原因，并由此进一步探讨清末宪政 改革的困境。论文最后得出结论，清统治集团深受封建自然经济基础、专制集权传统和臣属 型政治文化等因素的制约，不可能很好地担当现代化领导核心的角色，不可能成功实现自我 革新和实施宪政改革。中国人民经历了几十年的现代化探索之后，中国共产党领导人民进行 的新民主主义革命的胜利赢得了民族独立，建立了以社会主义现代化为目标的新中国，为社 会主义政治文明建设提供了稳定的政治局面。论文希望通过回顾清末宪政改革这一政治现代 化的起点，给当今中国社会主义民主政治建设带来启示。 关键词：宪政模式；资产阶级立宪派；宪政改革。 I Abstract Chinese political modernization stemmed from constitutional reform at the end of Qing Dynasty (1906-1911) when Qing government had made innovation of political systems. During the reform, there were complicated contradictions, the most prominent one of which was the conflict between Qing government and bourgeois constitutionalists over constitutional system. The thesis focuses on the conflict to study on constitutional reform at the end of Qing Dynasty. Bourgeois constitutionalists advocated implementing parliamentary constitutional monarchy, while Qing government implemented dual constitutional monarchy. Finally, having no strength to compete with Qing government, Bourgeois constitutionalists began to oppose Q’ing government. Losing popular support and having several limitations, Qing government failed to reform. Starting with the discussion of between constitutional system bourgeois constitutionalists advocated implementing and constitutional system Qing government implemented ，The thesis probes into the reason why both constitutional systems were not implemen