ch2-2(第二章讲义续).ppt

Computer Network -02-2 COMPUTER NETWORKSChapter 02 The Physical Layer Part 2 2.5 The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 2.5.1 Structure of the Telephone System Local Loop, Trunks, Switching Office Major Components of the Telephone System Local loops Analog twisted pairs going to houses and businesses 本地回路：双绞线、模拟传输 Trunks Digital fiber optics connecting the switching offices 干线：光纤、数字传输 Switching offices Where calls are moved from one trunk to another 交换局：干线间的转接 2.5.3 The Local Loop: Modems, ADSL, Wireless Conversion is done by the modems (modulator and demodulator) and codecs (coder and decoder). 注意：编解码器、调制解调器的位置和作用 Modem: Modulator and Demodulator Modulation Techniques Baseband(DC) signaling is unsuitable to be transmitted along a narrow band channel(e.g. a telephone line) due to attenuation, delay distortion, and noise. Modem is introduced to convert baseband (DC) signal into analog signal(AC) to be transmitted along a telephone line, convert analog signal back to digital at the destination. 调整解调器用于完成数字信号在模拟信道上传输时的数/模（模/数）转换问题。 Modem Techniques In order to avoid DC problems to transmit digital signals along a narrow band medium, sine wave carrier（载波） is introduced: Asin (ωt + φ) A: amplitude ω : frequency φ : phase Continuous tone of analog signal 1000-2000Hz Three Modulation Methods 1. Change the amplitude (strength) of the signal: changing amplitude means a binary 1, constant amplitude a binary 0. Amplitude Shift Keying, ASK 调幅 2. Use two frequencies to encode your bits (these frequencies can be put “on top” of your base frequency). FSK 调频 3. Change the phase of the sine wave to do signal encoding. PSK 调相 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Currently, we’re in ADSL4, which provides 6Mbps one-way (enough for good-quality TV) and 640 kbps two-way. ADSL’s background Essence: ADSL splits the bandwidth that can be transported across a simple copper wire into four different classes: Higher-bandwidth simplex channel Lower-bandwidth