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Searching for diverse, cooperative populations with genetic algorithms
Searching for Diverse, Cooperative Populations
with Genetic Algorithms
Robert E. Smith Stephanie Forrest Alan S. Perelson
Dept. of Engin. Mechanics Dept. of Computer Science Theoretical Division
University of Alabama University of New Mexico Los Alamos National Laboratory
Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 Albuquerque, NM 87131 Los Alamos, NM 87545
(205) 348-1618 (505) 277-7104 (505) 667-6829
resmith@ua1ix.ua.edu forrest@cs.unm.edu asp@receptor.lanl.gov
Running Head: Cooperative Populations with GAs
Keywords: genetic algorithms, classifier systems, fitness sharing, computational immunology,
multi-modal search
Abstract
In typical applications, genetic algorithms (GAs) process populations of potential problem
solutions to evolve a single population member that specifies an “optimized” solution. The
majority of GA analysis has focused on these optimization applications. In other applications
(notably learning classifier systems and certain connectionist learning systems), a GA searches
for a population of cooperative structures that jointly perform a computational task. This
paper presents an analysis of this type of GA problem. The analysis considers a simplified
genetics-based machine learning system: a model of an immune system. In this model, a
GA must discover a set of pattern-matching antibodies that effectively match a set of antigen
patterns. Analysis shows how a GA can automatically evolve and sustain a diverse, cooperative
population. The cooperation emerges as a natural part of the antigen-antibody matching
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