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Separability of Rotational Effects on a Gravitational Lens
Separability of Rotational Effects on a Gravitational Lens
Hideki Asada,∗ Masumi Kasai† and Tatsuya Yamamoto
Faculty of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
(February 2, 2008)
2
We derive the deflection angle up to O(m a) due to a Kerr gravitational
lens with mass m and specific angular momentum a. It is known that at
3 the linear order in m and a the Kerr lens is observationally equivalent to the
0
0 Schwarzschild one because of the invariance under the global translation of
2
n the center of the lens mass. We show, however, nonlinear couplings break
a
J
the degeneracy so that the rotational effect becomes in principle separable for
7
1 multiple images of a single source. Furthermore, it is distinguishable also for
v
9 each image of an extended source and/or a point source in orbital motion.
9
0 2 −10
1 In practice, the correction at O(m a) becomes O(10 ) for the supermassive
0
3 black hole in our galactic center. Hence, these nonlinear gravitational lensing
0
/
h effects are too small to detect by near-future observations.
p
-
o
r PACS Number(s); 95.30.Sf, 98.62.Sb, 04.70.Bw
t
s
a
:
v
i I. INTRODUCTION
X
r
a
It is of great importance to elucidate the nature of compact objects like black holes and
neutron stars. In particular, the general relativity predicts the frame-dragging effect around
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