《How does the Indian Ocean subtropical dipole trigger the tropical Indian Ocean dipole via the Mascarene high》.pdfVIP

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《How does the Indian Ocean subtropical dipole trigger the tropical Indian Ocean dipole via the Mascarene high》.pdf

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Acta Oceanol. Sin ., 2014, Vol. 33, No. 1, P. 64–76 DOI: 10.1007/s13131-014-0425-6 E-mail: hyxbe@263.net How does the Indian Ocean subtropical dipole trigger the tropical Indian Ocean dipole via the Mascarene high? FENG Junqiao1,2∗, HU Dunxin1,2, YU Lejiang3 1 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China 2 Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China 3 Applied Hydrometeorological Research Institute, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China Received 13 June 2012; accepted 24 December 2013 ©The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Abstract The variation in the Indian Ocean is investigated using Hadley center sea surface temperature (SST) data during the period 1958–2010. All the ﬁrst empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes of the SST anomalies (SSTA) in different domains represent the basin-wide warming and are closely related to the Paciﬁc El Niño– Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. Further examination suggests that the impact of ENSO on the tropical Indian Ocean is stronger than that on the southern Indian Ocean. The second EOF modes in dif- ferent domains show different features. It shows a clear east-west SSTA dipole pattern in the tropical Indian Ocean (Indian Ocean dipole, IOD), and a southwest-northeast SSTA dipole in the southern Indian Ocean (Indian Ocean subtropical dipole, IOSD). It is further revealed that the IOSD is also the main structure of the second EOF mode on the whole basin-scale, in which the IOD pattern does not appear. A correlation anal- ysis indicates that an IOSD event observed during the austral summer is highly correlated to the IOD event peaking about 9 months later. One of the possible physical mechanisms underlying this highly signiﬁcant statistical relationship is proposed. The IOSD and the IOD can occur in sequence with the help of the Mas