电荷的本质电荷相互作用与库仑定律.pdfVIP

电荷的本质、电荷相互作用原理与库仑定律 李子丰 （燕山大学石油工程研究所河北秦皇岛 066004 ） 摘要: 电荷究竟是什么？为什么电荷有两种？为什么同种电荷相斥、异种电荷相吸？ 为什么符合库仑定律？这些都是物理学的最基本问题。假设宇宙中存在一种物质微粒， 暂称电质子；如果某个物体中含有的电质子多于其期望值，呈过剩状态，就呈正电性；如 果某个物体中含有的电质子少于其期望值，呈缺乏状态，就呈负电性；如果某个物体中含 有的电质子等于其期望值，呈饱和状态，就呈中电性。带电物体有向空间交换带电和不 带电的微粒子以达到其中性状态的性质。两个带电物体之间的作用力，是通过交换 带电和不带电的微粒子实现的。同种电荷相互排斥，异种电荷相互吸引。力的大小 符合库仑定律。两个带电物体之间的物质影响它们之间的作用力大小，但不影响方 向。 关键词：电荷；本质；正电；负电；吸引；排斥；库仑定律 中图分类号 文献标识码：A The Nature of The Charge，Principle of Charge Interactions and Coulomb’s Law Li Zifeng (Petroleum Engineering Institute, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China) Abstract: What is the charge? Why charge, there are two? Why do like charges repel, dissimilar charges attract? Why meet the Coulombs law? These are the most basic questions of physics. Assuming the existence of material particles in the universe, tentatively called electon; if an object contains more than its expected value of the electon, is surplus state and positively charged; if an object contains less than the expected value of the electon, is in the lack of state and negative charged; If an object contains the electon is equal to its expected value, is saturated and neutral. The charged objects are of properties exchanging charged or uncharged particles in order to achieve the state of nature. The force between two charged objects is from the exchange of charged and uncharged particles. Like charges repel, dissimilar charges attract. Force value is consistent with Coulombs law. The material between two charged objects affects the value of the force between them, but does not affect the direction.